Template:Math commands reference

Unary / binary operators

Operation	Command	Display
Positive (plus)	+1	+1
Negative (minus)	-1	−1
Plus/minus	+-1	$\pm 1$
Minus/plus	-+1	$\mp 1$
Boolean 'not'	neg a	¬a
Addition	a + b	a+b
Dot product	a cdot b	a·b
Cross product	a times b	a×b
Multiplication (asterisk)	a * b	a * b
Boolean 'and'	a and b	a∧b
Subtraction	a - b	a−b
Division (as a fraction)	a over b	${\frac {a}{b}}$
Division (as an operator)	a div b	a÷b
Division (with a slash)	a / b	a/b
Boolean 'or'	a or b	$a\lor b$
Concatenation	a circ b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \circ b }

Relational operators

Operation	Command	Display
Is equal	a = b	a=b
Is not equal	a <> b	a≠b
Approximately	a approx 2	a≈b
Divides	a divides b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \mid b}
Does not divide	a ndivides b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \! \nmid \! b}
Less than	a < 2	a<2
Greater than	a > 2	a>2
Similar to or equal	a simeq b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a\! \simeq\! b}
Parallel	a parallel b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \!\parallel\! b}
Orthogonal to	a ortho b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \!\perp\! b}
Less than or equal to	a leslant b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \!\leqslant\! b}
Greater than or equal to	a geslant b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a \!\geqslant\! b}
Similar to	a sim b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a\!\sim\! b\,\!}
Congruent	a equiv b	a≡b
Less than or equal to	a <= b	a≤b
Greater than or equal to	a >= b	a≥b
Proportional	a prop b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a\! \propto\! b}
Toward	a toward b	a→b
Arrow left	a dlarrow b	a⇐b
Double arrow left and right	a dlrarrow b	a⇔b
Arrow right	a drarrow b	a⇒b

Set operations

Operation	Command	Display
Is in	a in B	a∈B
Is not in	a notin B	a∉B
Owns	A owns b	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A\!\ni\! b}
Empty set	emptyset	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \emptyset}
Intersection	A intersection B	A∩B
Union	A union B	A∪B
Difference	A setminus B	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A\!\setminus\! B}
Quotient	A slash B	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle A\!/\! B}
Aleph	aleph	ℵ
Subset	A subset B	A⊂B
Subset or equal to	A subseteq B	A⊆B
Superset	A supset B	A⊃B
Superset or equal to	A supseteq B	A⊇B
Not subset	A nsubset B	A⊂ / B
Not subset or equal	A nsubseteq B	A⊆ / B
Not superset	A nsupset B	A⊃ / B
Not superset or equal	A nsupseteq B	A⊇ / B
Set of natural numbers	setN	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{N}}
Set of integers	setZ	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{Z}}
Set of rational numbers	setQ	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{Q}}
Set of real numbers	setR	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{R}}
Set of complex numbers	setC	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathbb{C}}

Functions

Operation	Command	Display
Exponential	func e^{a}	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \operatorname{e}^a}
Natural logarithm	ln(a)	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \ln(a)}
Exponential function	exp(a)	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \exp(a)}
Logarithm	log(a)	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \log(a)}
Power	a^{b}	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle a^b\,\!}
Sine	sin(a)	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \sin(a)}
Cosine	cos(a)	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \cos(a)}
Tangent	tan(a)	$\tan(a)$
Cotangent	cot(a)	$\cot(a)$
Square root	sqrt{a}	${\sqrt {a}}$
Arcsine	arcsin(a)	$\arcsin(a)$
Arccosine	arccos(a)	$\arccos(a)$
Arctangent	arctan(a)	$\arctan(a)$
Arc cotangent	arccot(a)	$\operatorname {arccot}(a)$
nth root	nroot{a}{b}	${\sqrt[{a}]{b}}$
Hyperbolic sine	sinh(a)	$\sinh(a)$
Hyperbolic cosine	cosh(a)	$\cosh(a)$
Hyperbolic tangent	tanh(a)	$\tanh(a)$
Hyperbolic cotangent	coth(a)	$\coth(a)$
Absolute value	abs{a}	$|\,a\,|$
Arc hyperbolic sine	arsinh(a)	$\operatorname {arsinh} (a)$
Arc hyperbolic cosine	arcosh(a)	$\operatorname {arcosh} (a)$
Arc hyperbolic tangent	artanh(a)	$\operatorname {artanh} (a)$
Arc hyperbolic cotangent	arcoth(a)	$\operatorname {arcoth} (a)$
Factorial	fact{a}	$a!\!\,$

Operators

All operators can be used with the limit functions (“from" and “to").

Operation	Command	Display
Limit	lim{a}	$\lim {a}$
Sum	sum{a}	$\sum {a}$
Product	prod{a}	$\prod {a}$
Coproduct	coprod{a}	$\coprod {a}$
Upper and lower bounds shown with integral	int from {r_0} to {r_t} a	$\int \limits _{r_{0}}^{r_{t}}{a}$
Integral	int{a}	$\int {a}$
Double integral	iint{a}	$\iint {a}$
Triple integral	iiint{a}	$\iiint {a}$
Lower bound shown with summation symbol	sum from{3}b	$\sum _{3}{b}\,\!$
Contour integral	lint a	$\oint {a}$
Double curved integral	llint a
Triple curved integral	lllint a
Product with range	prod from {i=1} to {n} {(i+1)}	$\prod _{i=1}^{n}{(i+1)}$

Attributes

Operation	Command	Display
Acute accent	acute a	á
Grave accent	grave a	à
Reverse circumflex	check a	${\check {a}}$
Breve	breve a	${\breve {a}}$
Circle	circle a	å
Vector arrow	vec a	${\vec {a}}$
Tilde	tilde a	ã
Circumflex	hat a	â
Line above	bar a	${\bar {a}}$
Dot	dot a	${\dot {a}}$
Wide vector arrow	widevec abc	${\overrightarrow {abc}}$
Wide tilde	widetilde abc
Wide circumflex	widehat abc	${\widehat {abc}}$
Double dot	ddot a	${\ddot {a}}$
Line over	overline abc	${\overline {abc}}$
Line under	underline abc	${\underline {abc}}$
Line through	overstrike abc	abc
Triple dot	dddot a
Transparent (useful to get a placeholder of a given size)	phantom a
Bold font	bold a	${\mathbf {a}}$
Italic font (see Note 1)	ital a	${\mathit {a}}$
Roman (non-italic) font	nitalic a OR "a"	$\mathrm {a}$
Resize font	size 16 qv	qv
Following item in sans serif font (see Note 2)	font sans qv	qv
Following item in serif font	font serif qv	$\mathrm {q} \mathrm {v}$
Following item in fixed font	font fixed qv	qv
Make color of following text cyan (see Note 3)	color cyan qv	$\color {Cyan}qv$
Make color of following text yellow	color yellow qv	$\color {Yellow}qv$
Make color of following text white	color white qv	$\color {White}qv$
Make color of following text green	color green qv	$\color {Green}qv$
Make color of following text blue	color blue qv	$\color {Blue}qv$
Make color of following text red	color red qv	$\color {Red}qv$
Make color green returns to default color black	color green X qv	${\color {Green}{X}}\ qv$
Brace items to change color of more than one item	color green {X qv}	$\color {Green}{X\ qv}$

Note 1: Unquoted text that is not a command is considered to be a variable. Variables are, by default, italicized.

Note 2: There are three custom fonts: serif (with serifs), sans (sans serif, meaning without serifs), and fixed (monospaced). To change the actual fonts used for custom fonts and the fonts used for variables (unquoted text), numbers and functions, use Format > Fonts.

Note 3: For all coloring, the color will apply only to the text immediately following the command until the next space is encountered. In order to have the color apply to more characters, place the text you want in color in curly brackets.

Miscellaneous

Operation	Command	Display
Infinity	infinity	$\infty$
Partial	partial	$\partial$
Nabla	nabla	$\nabla$
There exists	exists	$\exists$
For all	forall	$\forall$
H bar	hbar	$\hbar$
Lambda bar	lambdabar
Real part	re	$\Re$
Imaginary part	im	$\Im$
Weierstrass p	wp	$\wp$
Left arrow	leftarrow	$\leftarrow$
Right arrow	rightarrow	$\rightarrow$
Up arrow	uparrow	$\uparrow$
Down arrow	downarrow	$\downarrow$
Dots at bottom	dotslow	$\ldots$
Dots at middle	dotsaxis	$\cdots$
Dots vertical	dotsvert	$\vdots$
Dots diagonal upward	dotsup
Dots diagonal downward	dotsdown	$\ddots$

Brackets

Operation	Command	Display
Round Brackets	(a)	$(a)$
Square Brackets	[b]	$[b]$
Double Square Brackets	ldbracket c rdbracket	$[\![c]\!]$
Single line	lline a rline OR abs a	$\vert a\vert$
Double line	ldline a rdline	$\Vert a\Vert$
Braces	lbrace w rbrace	$\{w\}$
Braces	left lbrace stack{0, n <> 0 # 1, n = 1} right none
Angle Brackets	langle d rangle	$\langle d\rangle$
Operator Brackets	langle a mline b rangle	$\langle a|b\rangle$
Group brackets (used for program control)	{a}	$a$
Scalable round brackets (add the word "left" before a left bracket and "right" before a right bracket)	left ( stack{a # b # z} right )	${\begin{pmatrix}a\\b\\z\end{pmatrix}}$
Square brackets scalable (as above)	left [ stack{ x # y} right ]	${\begin{bmatrix}x\\y\end{bmatrix}}$
Double square brackets scalable	left ldbracket c right rdbracket	$[\![c]\!]$
Line scalable	left lline a right rline	$\vert a\vert$
Double line scalable	left ldline d right rdline	$\Vert a\Vert$
Brace scalable	left lbrace e right rbrace	$\{a\}$
Angle bracket scalable	left langle f right rangle	$\langle f\rangle$
Operator brackets scalable	left langle g mline h right rangle	$\langle g|h\rangle$
Over brace scalable	{The brace is above} overbrace a	$\overbrace {} ^{a}$
Under brace scalable	{the brace is below}underbrace {f}	$\underbrace {} _{f}$
Floor Brackets	lfloor a rfloor	$\lfloor a\rfloor$
Ceil Brackets	lceil a rceil	$\lceil a\rceil$

Formats

Operation	Command	Display
Left superscript	a lsup{b}	${}^{b}\!a$
Center superscript	a csup{b}	${\overset {b}{a}}$
Right superscript	a^{b}	$a^{b}\,\!$
Left subscript	a lsub{b}	${}_{b}a\,\!$
Center subscript	a csub{b}	${\underset {b}{a}}$
Right subscript	a_{b}	$a_{b}\,\!$
Align character to left (text is aligned center by default)	stack { Hello world # alignl (a) }	Hello world (a)
Align character to center	stack{Hello world # alignc(a)}	Hello world (a)
Align character to right	stack { Hello world # alignr(a)}	Hello world (a)
Vertical stack of 2	binom{a}{b}	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{matrix} a \\ b \end{matrix}}
Vertical stack, more than 2	stack{a # b # z}	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{matrix}a \\ b \\ z \end{matrix}}
Matrix	matrix{ a # b ## c # d }	${\begin{matrix}a&b\\c&d\end{matrix}}$
Equations aligned at '=' (using 'matrix')	matrix{ a # "=" # alignl{b} ## {} # "=" # alignl{c+1} }	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{align}a & = b \\ {} & = c+1 \end{align}}
Equations aligned at '=' (using 'phantom')	stack{ alignl{a} = b # alignl{phantom{a} = c+1} }	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \begin{align}a & = b \\ {} & = c+1 \end{align}}
New line	asldkfjo newline sadkfj	asldkfjo sadkfj
Small gap (grave)	stuff `stuff	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {stu\!f\!\!f} ~ {stu\!f\!\!f}}
Large gap (tilde)	stuff~stuff	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle {stu\!f\!\!f} \quad {stu\!f\!\!f}}

Characters – Greek

In localized versions of Writer, the markup names of Greek and special characters are localized. If this document is not localized to the same language, then the names below may not work for input. You may still use the Symbol catalog to select the desired character by its glyph. This will also display the character's localized markup name. Once entered, the characters will display properly in any language.

Code	Display	Code	Display	Code	Display	Code	Display	Code	Display
%ALPHA	Α	%BETA	Β	%GAMMA	Γ	%DELTA	Δ	%EPSILON	Ε
%ZETA	Ζ	%ETA	Η	%THETA	Θ	%IOTA	Ι	%KAPPA	Κ
%LAMBDA	Λ	%MU	Μ	%NU	Ν	%XI	Ξ	%OMICRON	Ο
%PI	Π	%RHO	Ρ	%SIGMA	Σ	%TAU	Τ	%UPSILON	Υ
%PHI	Φ	%CHI	Χ	%PSI	Ψ	%OMEGA	Ω
%alpha	α	%beta	β	%gamma	γ	%delta	δ	%epsilon	ε
%varepsilon	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varepsilon}	%zeta	ζ	%eta	η	%theta	θ	%vartheta	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \vartheta}
%iota	ι	%kappa	κ	%lambda	λ	%mu	μ	%nu	ν
%xi	ξ	%omicron	ο	%pi	π	%varpi	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varpi}	%rho	ρ
%varrho	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varrho}	%sigma	σ	%varsigma	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varsigma}	%tau	τ	%upsilon	υ
%phi	φ	%varphi	Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \varphi}	%chi	χ	%psi	ψ	%omega	ω

Characters – Special

%and Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \and}	%angle Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \angle}	%element Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \in}	%identical Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \equiv\,\!}
%infinite Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \infin\,\!}	%noelement Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \notin}	%notequal Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \ne\,\!}	%or Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \or}
%perthousand ‰	%strictlygreaterthan Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \gg}	%strictlylessthan Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \ll}	%tendto Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \to\,\!}