User:He!ko/Editing
- ! -*- mode: wikipedia -*-
Template:H:h For the basics see Help:Editing.
Contents
- 1 Wikitext markup—making your page look the way you want
- 1.1 Organizing your writing — sections, paragraphs, lists and lines
- 1.1.1 What it looks like
- 1.1.2 What it looks like
- 1.1.3 What it looks like
- 1.1.4 What it looks like
- 1.1.5 What it looks like
- 1.1.6 What it looks like
- 1.1.7 What it looks like
- 1.1.8 What it looks like
- 1.1.9 What it looks like
- 1.1.10 What it looks like
- 1.1.11 What it looks like
- 1.1.12 What it looks like
- 1.2 Links, URLs
- 1.2.1 Internal links
- 1.2.2 What it looks like
- 1.2.3 What it looks like
- 1.2.4 What it looks like
- 1.2.5 What it looks like
- 1.2.6 What it looks like
- 1.2.7 What it looks like
- 1.2.8 What it looks like
- 1.2.9 What it looks like
- 1.2.10 What it looks like
- 1.2.11 What it looks like
- 1.2.12 What it looks like
- 1.2.13 What it looks like
- 1.2.14 What it looks like
- 1.2.15 What it looks like
- 1.2.16 What it looks like
- 1.2.17 What it looks like
- 1.2.18 What it looks like
- 1.2.19 External links
- 1.2.20 What it looks like
- 1.2.21 What it looks like
- 1.2.22 What it looks like
- 1.3 Text formatting—controlling how it looks
- 1.4 Disabling wikitext interpretation and/or reformatting
- 1.5 Special characters
- 1.6 Including another page—transclusion and templates
- 1.1 Organizing your writing — sections, paragraphs, lists and lines
- 2 Records of edits in the database
Wikitext markup—making your page look the way you want
- If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the Apache OpenOffice Wiki:Sandbox.
- More information on HTML tags in wikitext.
Organizing your writing — sections, paragraphs, lists and lines
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What it looks like
What it looks like What you type
What it looks like
- Sections and subsections
Start sections with header lines
Note: Single equal signs give the highest level heading, like the page title; usually projects have the convention not to use them.
New section
Subsection
Sub-subsection
- Start with a second-level heading (==); don't use first-level headings (=).
- Don't skip levels (for example, second-level followed by fourth-level).
- A table of contents will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sections.
- If appropriate, place subsections in order. If listing countries, for example, place them in alphabetical order rather than, say, relative to population of OECD countries, or some random order.
- If you want to keep headings out of the TOC you have to use HTML heading tags and close them without using a slash e.g. <h4>heading too low level to be in the TOC of large page<h4>.
What you type
== New section == === Subsection === ==== Sub-subsection ====
What it looks like
A single newline has no effect on the layout.
But an empty line starts a new paragraph, or ends a list or indented part. (<p> disables this paragraphing until </p> or the end of the section)
(In Cologne Blue, two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines.)
A semicolon at the start of a line is not rendered, but has the effect of rendering the newline. A colon in such a line is not rendered, but has the effect of starting a new, indented line, see definition list.
You can make the wikitext more readable by putting in newlines. You might find this causes future problems—see w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks for details.
- When used in a list, a newline does affect the layout (See Help:List).
What you type
A single newline has no effect on the layout. But an empty line starts a new paragraph.
What it looks like
You can break lines
(The HTML tag <br /> is sufficient. The system produces the XHTML code <br />.)
- Please use this sparingly.
- Close markup between lines; do not start a link or italics or bold on one line and close it on the next.
What you type
You can break lines<br /> without starting a new paragraph.
What it looks like
- Unordered Lists are easy to do:
- start every line with a star,
- more stars means deeper levels.
- start every line with a star,
- A newline
- in a list
marks the end of the list.
- Of course,
- you can
- start again.
What you type
* Unordered Lists are easy to do: ** start every line with a star, *** more stars means deeper levels. * A newline * in a list marks the end of the list. * Of course, * you can * start again.
What it looks like
- Numbered lists are also good
- very organized
- easy to follow
- A newline
- in a list
marks the end of the list.
- New numbering starts
- with 1.
What you type
# Numbered lists are also good ## very organized ## easy to follow # A newline # in a list marks the end of the list. # New numbering starts # with 1.
What it looks like
- You can even do mixed lists
- and nest them
- or break lines
in lists
- or break lines
- and nest them
What you type
* You can even do mixed lists *# and nest them *#* or break lines<br />in lists
What it looks like
Definition list
- word
- definition of the word
- longer phrase
- phrase defined
What you type
; word : definition of the word ; longer phrase : phrase defined
- One item per line; a newline can appear before the colon, but using a space before the colon improves parsing.
What it looks like
- Indenting
- A colon at the start of a line indents a paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
- This is often used for discussion on talk pages.
In the case of a semicolon and some text in front of the colon, the first colon starts a new line (indented as before) even though it is in the wikitext not at the start of the line, see definition list.
What you type
: A colon indents a line or paragraph. A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
What it looks like
When there is a need for separating a block of text
the blockquote command will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does.
This is useful for (as the name says) inserting blocks of quoted (and cited) text.
What you type
<blockquote> The '''blockquote''' command will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does. </blockquote>
What it looks like
- Please note the US-English spelling of "center".
What you type
<center>Centered text.</center>
What it looks like
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it...
...and this is below it.
If you don't use a section header, you don't get a TOC entry.
What you type
A horizontal dividing line: this is above it... ---- ...and this is below it.
What you type
}
Links, URLs
More information at Help:Link
Internal links
General notes:
- Enclose the target name in double square brackets—"[[" and "]]".
- First letter of target name is automatically capitalized.
- Spaces are represented as underscores (but don't do underscores yourself).
- Links to nonexistent pages are shown in red—Help:Starting a new page tells about creating the page.
- When the mouse cursor "hovers" over the link, you see a "hover box" containing... hover over links below to see.
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What it looks like
What it looks like What you type
What it looks like
- Basic
Sue is reading the official position (or Official positions).
What you type
Sue is reading the [[official position]] (or [[Official position]]s).
What it looks like
- Basic + Text formatting
You can also italicize/etc. links: e.g., Wikipedia.
What you type
''[[Wikipedia]]''
What it looks like
- Interwiki linking
A link to the page on another wiki (e.g. the same subject in another language)
What you type
* See [[m:Help:Interwiki linking]]. * [[:fr:Wikipédia:Aide]].
What it looks like
- Section of page
If the section doesn't exist, the link goes to the top of the page. If there are multiple sections by the same name, link to specific ones by adding how many times that header has already appeared (e.g. if there are 3 sections entitled "Example header," and you wish to link to the third one, then use [[#Example section 3]]. For more info, see Help:Editing FAQ.
What you type
* [[List of cities by country#Morocco]] * [[List of cities by country#Norway]]
What it looks like
Use a pipe "|" to create a link label:
What you type
* [[Help:Link|About Links]]
What it looks like
"Blank" pipes hide:
- Parentheses: kingdom.
- Colon: Requests for adminship.
After you save, the server automatically fills in the link label.
What you type
* Parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|]]. * Colon: [[m:Requests for adminship|]].
What it looks like
- Links to nonexistent pages
A red link (like this one) points to a page that doesn't exist yet.
- You can create it by clicking on the link.
- Have a look at how to start a page guide and the naming conventions page for your project.
What you type
A red link ([[like this one]]) points to a page that doesn't exist yet.
What it looks like
- Link to yourself
Please "sign" comments on talk pages:
- Your user name: Example
- Your user name plus timestamp: Example 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)
- Five tildes give a timestamp: 17:55, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
The server will fill in the link after you save.
What you type
Please "sign" comments on talk pages: : Your user name: ~~~ : Your user name plus timestamp: ~~~~ : Five tildes give a timestamp: ~~~~~
What it looks like
One article title to another with this special link.
What you type
#REDIRECT [[United States]]
What it looks like
- "Magic" links
- ISBN links to books: ISBN 0123456789X (See Help:ISBN links)
- RfC links to Requests for Comments: RFC 123 (See mediawiki:rfcurl)
What you type
ISBN 0123456789X RFC 123
What it looks like
- Media links
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, use a "media" link.
Sound
What you type
[[media:Example.ogg|Sound]]
What it looks like
- Category listing links (these appear at page bottom and list the page in the category)
To list a page in a category and have a link to the Category at page bottom.
What you type
[[Category:English documentation]]
What it looks like
- Category non-listing links (these appear inline without listing the page in the category)
To link to a category without causing the page to be listed in the category, add a colon
Category:English documentation
What you type
[[:Category:English documentation]]
What it looks like
- Dates
Use links for dates, so everyone can set their own display order. Use Special:Preferences to change your own date display setting.
July 20 1969
20 July 1969
and 1969-07-20
What you type
[[July 20]] [[1969]] [[20 July]] [[1969]] and [[1969]]-[[07-20]]
What it looks like
- Special pages
"What links here" etc. can be linked as:
Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Editing
What you type
[[Special:Whatlinkshere/Help:Editing]]
What it looks like
- Linking to old revisions of pages, diffs, and specific history pages
External link function is used for these as [[page]] will not work.
Open an old revision copy the url and paste it where you want it. http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fotonotes&oldid=482030
Open a diff, copy and paste the url http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fotonotes&diff=493810&oldid=482030
A specific page from edit history. To do this click the either the (older) or (earliest) button at least once and maneuver to the page you want to link to
http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Wikitext_examples&dir=prev&offset=20060813153343&limit=100&action=history
What you type
http://meta.wikimedia.org /w/index.php?title=Fotonotes&oldid=482030 http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php? title=Fotonotes&diff=493810&oldid=482030 http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php? title=Help:Wikitext_examples&dir=prev&offset =20060813153343&limit=100&action=history
What you type
}
External links
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What it looks like
What you type
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia], [http://www.nupedia.com]
What it looks like
What you type
[mailto:email@example.com Email Example], [mailto:email@example.com]
What it looks like
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
- In the URL all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%- &#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written ^ (to be looked up in ASCII). A blank space can also be converted into an underscore.
What you type
Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.
What you type
}
Text formatting—controlling how it looks
| What it looks like | What you type |
|---|---|
|
Emphasize (italics), strongly (bold), very strongly (bold italics). (These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.) Note: this can also be applied to links (e.g., Wikipedia). |
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''. ''[[Wikipedia]]'' |
|
You can also write italic and bold. This is useful in mathematical formulas where you need specific font styles rather than emphasis.
(The difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, so most people ignore it). But it may make a big difference for the visually impaired ;-) |
You can also write <i>italic</i> and <b>bold</b>. This is useful in mathematical formulas where you need specific font styles rather than emphasis. : <b>F</b> = <i>m</i><b>a</b> |
|
You can also write in small caps. If the wiki has the templates, this can Template:Bsmbe much simpler to writeTemplate:Esm. |
You can also write
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">
in small caps</span>.
If the wiki has the templates, this can
{{bsm}}be much simpler to write{{esm}}.
|
| A typewriter font, sometimes used for
technical terms and |
A typewriter font, sometimes used for <tt>technical terms</tt> and <code>computer code</code>.
|
| You can use small text for captions. | You can use <small>small text</small> for captions. |
| You can and underline new material. You can also mark
|
You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike> and <u>underline new material</u>. You can also mark <del>deleted material</del> and <ins>inserted material</ins> using logical markup rather than visual markup. |
| Subscript: x2 Superscript: x2 or x² Most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with ² than with <sup>2</sup> |
Subscript: x<sub>2</sub> Superscript: x<sup>2</sup> or x² ε<sub>0</sub> = 8.85 × 10<sup>−12</sup> C² / J m. 1 [[hectare]] = [[1 E4 m²]] |
Disabling wikitext interpretation and/or reformatting
<nowiki> and <pre> tags can tell the server and the browser to display things as you typed them.
|
regular
arrow → italics link |
arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] |
|
<nowiki>
can be applied in-line: arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] normal again |
''can be applied in-line:'' <nowiki> arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] </nowiki>''[[normal]] again'' |
|
<pre>
arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] |
<pre>arrow → ''italics'' [[link]]</pre> |
|
leading space
arrow → italics link </pre> IF a line of plain text starts with a space it will be formatted exactly as typed in a font in a grey dotted-outline box lines won't wrap ENDIF this is useful for: * pasting preformatted text; * algorithm descriptions; * program source code * ASCII art; * chemical structures; WARNING: If you make it wide,
you force the whole page to be wide and
hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces. arrow → ''italics'' [[link]] IF a line of plain text starts with a space
it will be formatted exactly
as typed
in a fixed-width font
in a grey dotted-outline box
lines won't wrap
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text
* algorithm descriptions
* program source code
* ASCII art
* chemical structures
* poetry
|
|
Umlauts and accents: (See Help:Special characters) |
À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö Ø Ù Ú Û Ü ß à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï ñ ò ó ô œ õ ö ø ù ú û ü ÿ |
|
Punctuation: ¿ ¡ « » § ¶ |
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • - – — ¿ ¡ « » § ¶ † ‡ • - – — |
|
Commercial symbols: |
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ ™ © ® ¢ € ¥ £ ¤ |
| Greek characters: α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω α β γ δ ε ζ |
α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ σ ς τ υ φ χ ψ ω Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π Σ Φ Ψ Ω |
|
Math characters: ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ Problem symbols: ℵ ∉ ℵ ∉ |
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø ∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ ∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ ≈ ∝ ≡ ≠ ≤ ≥ × · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ ∇ ‰ ° ∴ ø ∈ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ¬ ∧ ∨ ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ → ↔ ↑ Problem symbols: ℵ ∉ ℵ ∉ |
Writing a symbol over another one:
<span style="position:absolute;">o</span>x gives ox.
Including another page—transclusion and templates
Changing a transcluded file will change every file that transcludes it.
|
{{:Help:Transclusion Demo}} |
|
A special kind of page designed for transclusion. These pages are found in the Template: namespace Templates can even take parameters. When you edit a page, all the templates used on the page are listed below the edit box. |
{{H:title|hovertext|This is underlined}} |
Records of edits in the database
Edits are recorded both in the revision table and in the recentchanges table of the database.
The revision table is used for page histories and user contribution lists. The recentchanges table is used for recent and related changes, watchlists, and (in the case of page creation) for the list of new pages.
This distinction is relevant in the case that old edits are removed from one of the two tables. For example, if three months of recent changes are kept in the recentchanges table, while nothing is deleted from the revision table, then older edits can be seen in page histories and user contribution lists, but not in recent and related changes, watchlists, and (in the case of page creation) in the list of new pages.
Import of page revisions adds to the revision table but not to the recentchanges table, so they add to page histories and user contribution lists, but not to recent and related changes, watchlists, and (in the case of page creation) the list of new pages.
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