Writing Macros

From Apache OpenOffice Wiki
< Documentation‎ | DevGuide
Revision as of 18:21, 21 December 2020 by DiGro (Talk | contribs)

(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search



The HelloWorld macro

Here is a comparison of HelloWorld macros in the different script languages available in Apache OpenOffice.

Basic

Sub writeHelloWorld()
Dim oDoc As Object, xText As Object, xTextRange As Object
 
oDoc = ThisComponent
xText = oDoc.getText()
xTextRange = xText.getEnd()
xTextRange.CharBackColor = 1234567
xTextRange.CharHeight = 16.0
' CharUnderline receives a group constant
xTextRange.CharUnderline = com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline.WAVE
' CharPosture receives an enum
xTextRange.CharPosture = com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant.ITALIC
xTextRange.setString( "Hello World (in Basic)" )
End Sub

Basic interprets pairs of get and set methods at UNO objects as object properties if they follow this pattern: 

  SomeType getSomeProperty()
  void setSomeProperty(SomeType aValue)

Using these facilities some lines can be simplified: 

xText = oDoc.Text
xTextRange = xText.End
xTextRange.String = "Hello World (in Basic)"

Service properties can be directly accessed in Basic, it is not necessary to use getPropertyValue or setPropertyValue methods.

BeanShell

As BeanShell accepts typeless variables, the code is simplified compared to Java. 

import com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime;
import com.sun.star.text.XTextDocument;
import com.sun.star.text.XText;
import com.sun.star.text.XTextRange;
import com.sun.star.beans.XPropertySet;
import com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant;
import com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline;
 
oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument();
 
xTextDoc = UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XTextDocument.class,oDoc);
xText = xTextDoc.getText();
xTextRange = xText.getEnd();
pv = UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XPropertySet.class, xTextRange);
 
pv.setPropertyValue("CharBackColor", 1234567);
pv.setPropertyValue("CharHeight", 16.0);
// CharUnderline receives a group constant
pv.setPropertyValue("CharUnderline", com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline.WAVE);
// CharPosture receives an enum
pv.setPropertyValue("CharPosture", com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant.ITALIC) ;
 
xTextRange.setString( "Hello World (in BeanShell)" );
return 0;

BeanShell interprets pairs of get and set methods at UNO objects as object properties if they follow this pattern: 

  SomeType getSomeProperty()
  void setSomeProperty(SomeType aValue)

Using these facilities some lines can be simplified: 

  xText = xTextDoc.Text;
  xTextRange = xText.End;
  xTextRange.String = "Hello World (in BeanShell)";

Service properties are only accessed with getPropertyValue or setPropertyValue.

JavaScript

As JavaScript accepts typeless variables, the code is simplified compared to Java. 

importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.text.XTextDocument)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.text.XText)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.text.XTextRange)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.beans.XPropertySet)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant)
importClass(Packages.com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline)
 
oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()
xTextDoc = UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XTextDocument,oDoc)
xText = xTextDoc.getText()
xTextRange = xText.getEnd()
pv = UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XPropertySet, xTextRange)
 
pv.setPropertyValue("CharHeight", 16.0) // Double
// CharBackColor receives an Integer
pv.setPropertyValue("CharBackColor", new java.lang.Integer(1234567))
// CharUnderline receives a group constant
pv.setPropertyValue("CharUnderline",
   new java.lang.Short(Packages.com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline.WAVE))
// CharPosture receives an enum
pv.setPropertyValue("CharPosture", Packages.com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant.ITALIC) 
xTextRange.setString( "Hello World (in JavaScript)" )

JavaScript does not accept the simplifications seen in Basic and BeanShell.

Setting an integer value to a property requires to use a java class.

Java

Other sections of this document provide numerous Java examples. Here is the HelloWorld provided in Apache OpenOffice 

  import com.sun.star.uno.UnoRuntime;
  import com.sun.star.frame.XModel;
  import com.sun.star.text.XTextDocument;
  import com.sun.star.text.XTextRange;
  import com.sun.star.text.XText;
  import com.sun.star.script.provider.XScriptContext;
 
  public class HelloWorld {
      public static void printHW(XScriptContext xScriptContext)
      {
          XModel xDocModel = xScriptContext.getDocument();
 
          // getting the text document object
          XTextDocument xtextdocument = (XTextDocument) UnoRuntime.queryInterface(
              XTextDocument.class, xDocModel);
 
          XText xText = xtextdocument.getText();
          XTextRange xTextRange = xText.getEnd();
          xTextRange.setString( "Hello World (in Java)" );
      }
  }
Compiling and Deploying Java macros

Because Java is a compiled language it is not possible to execute Java source code as a macro directly from within OpenOffice.org. The code must first be compiled and then deployed within a OpenOffice.org installation or document. The following steps show how to create a Java macro using the HelloWorld example code:

  • Create a HelloWorld directory for your macro
  • Create a HelloWorld.java file using the HelloWorld source code
  • Compile the HelloWorld.java file. The following jar files from the program/classes directory of a OpenOffice.org installation must be in the classpath: ridl.jar, unoil.jar, jurt.jar
  • Create a HelloWorld.jar file containing the HelloWorld.class file
  • Create a parcel-descriptor.xml file for your macro 
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 
  <parcel language="Java" xmlns:parcel="scripting.dtd">
    <script language="Java">
      <locale lang="en">
        <displayname value="HelloWorld"/>
        <description>
          Prints "Hello World".
        </description>
      </locale>
      <functionname value="HelloWorld.printHW"/>
      <logicalname value="HelloWorld.printHW"/>
      <languagedepprops>
          <prop name="classpath" value="HelloWorld.jar"/>
      </languagedepprops>
    </script>
  </parcel>

The parcel-descriptor.xml file is used by the Scripting Framework to find macros. The functionname element indicates the name of the Java method which should be executed as a macro. The classpath element can be used to indicate any jar or class files which are used by the macro. If the classpath element is not included, then the directory in which the parcel-desciptor.xml file is found and any jar files in that directory will be used as the classpath. The necessary Java UNO classes are available automatically.

  • Copy the HelloWorld directory into the share/Scripts/java (or basis/share/Scripts/java) directory of a Apache OpenOffice installation or into the user/Scripts/java directory of a user installation. If you want to deploy the macro to a document you need to place it in a Scripts/java directory within the document zip file.
  • If Apache OpenOffice is running, you will need to restart it in order for the macro to appear in the Macro Selector dialog.
Documentation note.png The parcel-descriptor.xml file is also used to detect BeanShell and JavaScript macros. It is created automatically when creating macros using the Organizer dialogs for BeanShell and JavaScript.

If these files are embedded in document file, they have to be registered in META-INF/manifest.xml: 

<manifest:file-entry manifest:media-type="text/xml" manifest:full-path="Scripts/java/Test/parcel-descriptor.xml"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:media-type="application/binary" manifest:full-path="Scripts/java/Test/test.jar"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:media-type="" manifest:full-path="Scripts/java/Test/"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:media-type="" manifest:full-path="Scripts/java/"/>
<manifest:file-entry manifest:media-type="" manifest:full-path="Scripts/"/>

Python

A Python module may contain several scripts. 

def HelloPython( ):
import uno
 
def HelloPython( ):
    oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()
    xText = oDoc.getText()
    xTextRange = xText.getEnd()
 
    xTextRange.CharHeight = 16.0
    xTextRange.CharBackColor = 1234567
    # CharUnderline receives a group constant
    xTextRange.CharUnderline = uno.getConstantByName("com.sun.star.awt.FontUnderline.WAVE")
    # CharPosture receives an enum
    xTextRange.CharPosture = uno.getConstantByName("com.sun.star.awt.FontSlant.ITALIC")
 
    xTextRange.setString( "Hello World (in Python)" )
    return None

Python interprets pairs of get and set methods at UNO objects as object properties if they follow this pattern: 

  SomeType getSomeProperty()
  void setSomeProperty(SomeType aValue)

Using these facilities some lines can be simplified: 

    xText = oDoc.Text
    xTextRange = xText.End
    xTextRange.String = "Hello World (in Python)"

Service properties can be directly accessed in Python, no need to use getPropertyValue or setPropertyValue.

Features of script languages supported by Apache OpenOffice

Language feature Basic BeanShell JavaScript Java macro Python
Interpreted Yes Yes Yes No Yes
Integrated editor Yes, colored Yes Yes No No
Integrated debugger Yes No Yes No No
Script organizer Yes Yes Yes No No
Script encryption Possible No No No No
Typeless variables Yes: Variant Yes Yes No Yes
Getter/Setter Yes Yes No No Yes
Direct property access Yes No No No Yes
Function for Calc formula Yes No No No No
UNO component creation No No No Yes Yes


Using the Apache OpenOffice API from macros

BeanShell, JavaScript, Java, Python macros are supplied with a variable of type com.sun.star.script.provider.XScriptContext which can be used to access the Apache OpenOffice API. This interface has three methods:

Returns the XModel interface of the document for which the macro was invoked (see Using the Component Framework)
Returns the XDesktop interface for the application which can be used to access open document, and load documents (see Using the Desktop)
Returns the XComponentContext interface which is used to create instances of services (see Service Manager and Component Context)

Depending on the language the macro accesses XScriptContext in different ways:

  • BeanShell: Using the global variable XSCRIPTCONTEXT 
 oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument();
  • JavaScript: Using the global variable XSCRIPTCONTEXT 
 oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument();
  • Java: The first parameter passed to the macro method is always of type XScriptContext 
 Xmodel xDocModel = xScriptContext.getDocument();
  • Python: Using the global variable XSCRIPTCONTEXT 
 oDoc = XSCRIPTCONTEXT.getDocument()

Handling arguments passed to macros

In certain cases arguments may be passed to macros, for example, when a macro is assigned to a button in a document. In this case the arguments are passed to the macro as follows:

  • BeanShell: In the global Object[] variable ARGUMENTS 
 event = (ActionEvent) ARGUMENTS[0];
  • JavaScript: In the global Object[] variable ARGUMENTS 
 event = ARGUMENTS[0];
  • Java: The arguments are passed as an Object[] in the second parameter to the macro method 
 public void handleButtonPress(
     XScriptContext xScriptContext, Object[] args)

Each of the arguments in the Object[] are of the UNO type Any. For more information on how the Any type is used in Java see Type Mappings.

The ButtonPressHandler macros in the Highlight library of a Apache OpenOffice installation show how a macro can handle arguments.

  • Python: The arguments are passed as parameters of the called function.


Creating dialogs from macros

Dialogs which have been built in the Dialog Editor can be loaded by macros using the com.sun.star.awt.XDialogProvider API. The method createDialog() from interface XDialogProvider uses a string as a parameter. This string is the URL to the dialog. It is formed as follows: 

 vnd.sun.star.script:DIALOGREF?location=[application|document]

where DIALOGREF is the name of the dialog that you want to create, and location is either application or document depending on where the dialog is stored.

For example if you wanted to load dialog called MyDialog, which is in a Dialog Library called MyDialogLibrary in the OpenOffice.org dialogs area of your installation then the URL would be: 

 vnd.sun.star.script:MyDialogLibrary.MyDialog?location=application

If you wanted to load a dialog called MyDocumentDialog which in a library called MyDocumentLibrary which is located in a document then the URL would be: 

 vnd.sun.star.script:MyDocumentLibrary.MyDocumentDialog?location=document

The following code shows how to create a dialog from a Java macro: 

  public XDialog getDialog(XScriptContext context)
  {
      XDialog theDialog;
 
      // We must pass the XModel of the current document when creating a DialogProvider object
      Object[] args = { context.getDocument() };
 
      Object obj;
      try {
          obj = xmcf.createInstanceWithArgumentsAndContext(
              "com.sun.star.awt.DialogProvider", args, context.getComponentContext());
      }
      catch (com.sun.star.uno.Exception e) {
          System.err.println("Error getting DialogProvider object");
          return null;
      }
 
      XDialogProvider xDialogProvider = (XDialogProvider)
          UnoRuntime.queryInterface(XDialogProvider.class, obj);
 
      // Got DialogProvider, now get dialog 
      try {
          theDialog = xDialogProvider.createDialog(
              "vnd.sun.star.script:MyDialogLibrary.MyDialog?location=application");
      }
      catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
          System.err.println("Got exception on first creating dialog: " + e.getMessage());
      }
      return theDialog;
  }

Calling a macro with the Scripting Framework

The service com.sun.star.script.provider.ScriptProvider exports interface XScriptProvider which offers method getScript( ). This method returns an interface XScript which offers the method invoke( ) which will call the script with parameters if necessary.

The identity and location of the called script is contained in an URI, which follows a particular syntax.


Content on this page is licensed under the Public Documentation License (PDL).
Retrieved from "https://wiki.openoffice.org/w/index.php?title=Documentation/DevGuide/Scripting/Writing_Macros&oldid=246504"
Personal tools
In other languages