Difference between revisions of "Built-in functions and Stored Procedures"

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(Aggregate Functions)
(Numerical Functions)
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! BITOR(a,b)
 
! BITOR(a,b)
 
| YES ||YES || <NOWIKI>Returns a | b </NOWIKI> <BR> BITOR( 0,1 ) = 1  
 
| YES ||YES || <NOWIKI>Returns a | b </NOWIKI> <BR> BITOR( 0,1 ) = 1  
 +
|-
 +
! BITXOR(a,b)
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| YES || YES || Returns the bit-wise logical <em>xor</em> of the given integer values.<BR> BITXOR( 0, 1 ) = 1
 
|-
 
|-
 
! CEILING(d)
 
! CEILING(d)
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==String Fnctions==
 
==String Fnctions==

Revision as of 01:19, 4 September 2007

Overview

The HSQLdb database engine included with Base supports the following functions and stored procedures for use within queries.

The Query component in Base allows for SQL commands that return a result set. i.e. SELECT and CALL

The component supports two views:

  • GUI Query Designer (Designer View)
  • Text editor (SQL View)

Queries created and executed in Designer and SQL View support the use of named replaceable parameters in these statements, in most cases. Use of this feature is controlled by the option 'Escape Processing'.

Escape Processing is always ENABLED when using Designer View.

Escape Processing is ENABLED by default in SQL View, but may be DISABLED by selecting the 'Run SQL directly' tool button.

The SQL window in Base (opened with the menu commands TOOLS > SQL) allows any valid SQL statement to be executed, but it does not return any data results to the user. Statements executed in this window serve two main purposes.

  • Data Manipulation Language ( DML ) statements. i.e. UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT.
  • Data Definition Language ( DDL ) statements. i.e. CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, etc.

Multiple statements may be executed as a batch by ending each statement with a semi-colon.

All functions listed below are available for use in the SQL window.

Each table below is formatted as follows:

  • Function Name - this is the actual function, along with required or optional parameters
  • Designer - Yes in this column means it may be used in Designer View. No, the function must be used in SQL View.
  • Esc Proc - Yes in this column means it may be used in SQL View, with escape processing ENABLED. No, the function is only available in SQL View with escape processing DISABLED.
  • Comments - A brief description of what the function does, the parameters expected and the type of output generated.


Numerical Functions

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
ABS(d) YES YES Returns the absolute value of a number.
ABS( -1 ) = ABS( 1 )
ACOS(d) YES YES Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.
ACOS( .5 ) = 1.05
ASIN(d) YES YES Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
ASIN( .5 ) = 0.52
ATAN(d) YES YES Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
ATAN( .5 ) = 0.46
ATAN2(a,b) YES YES Returns the tangent of a/b.
ATAN2( 1, 2 ) = 0.46
BITAND(a,b) YES YES Returns a & b.
BITAND( 0, 1 ) = 0
BITOR(a,b) YES YES Returns a | b
BITOR( 0,1 ) = 1
BITXOR(a,b) YES YES Returns the bit-wise logical xor of the given integer values.
BITXOR( 0, 1 ) = 1
CEILING(d) YES YES Rreturns the smallest integer that is not less than d
CEILING( 8.7 ) = 9
COS(d) YES YES Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
COS( .5 ) = 0.88
COT(d) YES YES Returns the cotangent of an angle.
COT( .5 ) = 1.83
DEGREES(d) YES YES Converts radians to degrees.
DEGREES( 1 ) = 57.29577951
EXP(d) YES YES Returns the exponential number e (i.e., 2.718...) raised to the power of a double value.
EXP( 2 ) = 7.389056
FLOOR(d) YES YES Returns the largest double value that is not greater than the d.
FLOOR( -8.7 ) = -9
LOG(d) NO NO Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of d.
d must be greater than 0.0.
LOG( 1.5 ) = 0.41
LOG( -1 ) = -1.#NAN
SEE ISSUE#69054
LOG10(d) YES YES Returns the logarithm (base 10) of d.
d must be greater than 0.0.
LOG10( 1.5 ) = 0.18
LOG10( -1 ) = -1.#NAN
MOD(a,b) YES YES Returns a modulo b
MOD( 7, 2 ) = 1
PI() YES YES The double value that is closer than any other to pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
PI() = 3.14159265
POWER(a,b) YES YES Returns of value of the first argument, a, raised to the power of the second argument, b.
POWER( 2, 2 ) = 4
RADIANS(d) YES YES Converts degrees to radians
RADIANS( 1 ) = 0.01745329
RAND() YES YES Returns a random number x >= 0.0 and < 1.0
RAND() MIGHT EQUAL 0.34
ROUND(a,b) YES YES Rounds a to b digits after the decimal point.
ROUND( 1.0333, 2 ) = 1.0300
ROUNDMAGIC(d) YES* YES* solves certain rounding problems, specifically when numbers approach 0.0 such as 3.11-3.1-0.001
ROUNDMAGIC( 3.11-3.1-0.001 ) = 0.01
* Currently when used with escape processing enabled the return value is changed to a string. The workaround for this is to cast the result back to a dboule.
CAST( ROUNDMAGIC( D ) AS DOUBLE )
See Issue#81031
SIGN( d ) YES YES Returns -1 if d is smaller than 0, 0 if d==0 and 1 if d is bigger than 0
SIGN( -0.001 ) = -1
SIN(d) YES YES Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.
d is an angle in radians
SIN( PI() / 12 ) = 0.25881905
SQRT( d ) YES YES Returns the square root of d. <br. SQRT( 9 ) = 3
TAN( A ) YES YES Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle, A.
A - and angle in in radians.
TAN( 0.01745329 * 20 ) = 0.36397018
TRUNCATE(a,b) YES YES Truncates a to b digits after the decimal point.
TRUNCATE( 1.0333, 3 ) = 1.0330

String Fnctions

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
ASCII(s) YES YES Returns the ASCII code of the leftmost character of s
ASCII( 'ONE' ) = 79
BIT_LENGTH(str) YES YES Returns the length of the string in bits
BIT_LENGTH ( 'ONE' ) = 48
Each character is 16 bits long on a 32bit system
CHAR(c) YES YES Returns a character that has the ASCII code c
CHAR( 79 ) = O
CHAR_LENGTH(str) YES YES Returns the length of the string in characters
CHAR_LENGTH('ONE') = 3
CONCAT(str1,str2) YES YES Returns str1 + str2
CONCAT( 'ONE', 'HUNDRED' ) = ONEHUNDRED
DIFFERENCE(s1,s2) YES YES Returns the difference between the sound of s1 and s2
DIFFERENCE( 'SMITH', 'SMYTH' ) = 0 ; DIFFERENCE( 'WILD', 'CHILD' ) = 1 ; DIFFERENCE( 'TUPLE', 'SUPPLE' ) = 1 ; DIFFERENCE( 'BRAKE', 'BIKE' ) = 2
HEXTORAW(s1) YES YES Returns translated string ; s1 is string representing character values as 4 digit hex values .
'00FF', '00ff00ff' is acceptable ; '0x00FF', 'FF' is NOT and will return null
HEXTORAW( '0041' ) = A ; HEXTORAW( 'FF41' ) = a ; HEXTORAW( '00410061' ) = Aa
INSERT(s,start,len,s2) YES YES Returns a string where len number of characters beginning at start has been replaced by s2
INSERT( 'How brown cow.', 5, 1, 'now ' ) = How now brown cow.
LCASE(s) YES YES Converts s to lower case
LCASE( 'ONE' ) = one
LEFT(s,count) YES YES Returns the leftmost count of characters of s - requires double quoting - use SUBSTRING() instead
LEFT( 'ONE', 2 ) = ON
LENGTH(s) YES YES Returns the number of characters in s
LENGTH( 'ONE' ) = 3
LOCATE(search,s,[start]) YES YES Returns the first index (1=left, 0=not found) where search is found in s, starting at start
LOCATE( 'ME', 'FIND ME IF YOU CAN', 1 ) = 6 ; LOCATE( 'ME', 'FIND ME IF YOU CAN', 7 ) = 0
LTRIM(s) YES YES Removes all leading blanks in s
LTRIM( ' ONE ' ) = "ONE "
LOWER(s) YES YES Converts s to lower case
LOWER( 'ONE' ) = one
OCTET_LENGTH(str) YES YES Returns the length of the string in bytes (twice the number of characters)
OCTET_LENGTH( 'ONE' ) = 6
RAWTOHEX(s1) YES YES Returns translated string, where s1 is any character string and returns the string representation of the characters as hex values
RAWTOHEX( 'A' ) = 0041 ; RAWTOHEX( 'Aa' ) = 00410061
POSITION (<string expression> IN <string expression 1>) YES YES If the first string is a sub-string of the second one, returns the position of the sub-string, counting from one; otherwise 0
POSITION ( 'THIS' IN 'THIS AND THAT' ) = 1
REPEAT(s,count) YES YES Returns s repeated count times
REPEAT( 'X', 4 ) = XXXX
REPLACE(s,replace,s2) YES YES Replaces all occurrences of replace in s with s2
REPLACE( 'WHAT XXXX BROWN COW.', 'XXXX', 'NOW' ) = WHAT NOW BROWN COW.
RIGHT(s,count) YES YES Returns the rightmost count of characters of s
RIGHT( 'THIS AND THAT', 4 ) = THAT
RTRIM(s) YES YES Removes all trailing spaces
RTRIM( ' ONE ' ) = " ONE"
SOUNDEX(s) YES YES Returns a four character code representing the sound of s
SOUNDEX( 'SMITH' ) = S530 ; SOUNDEX( 'SMYTH' ) = S530
SPACE(count) YES YES returns a string consisting of count spaces
SPACE( 4 ) = " "
SUBSTR(s,start[,len]) YES YES alias for substring
SUBSTR( 'HERE I AM', 6, 1 )
SUBSTRING(s,start[,len]) YES YES returns the substring starting at start (1=left) with length len
SUBSTR( 'HERE I AM', 6, 1 ) = I ; SUBSTR( 'HERE I AM', 6 ) = I AM
SUBSTRING( s FROM start [FOR len] ) YES YES Alternate syntax where s may be a string expression
SUBSTRING ( 'HERE I AM' FROM 6 FOR 1 ) = I ; SUBSTRING ( 'HERE I AM' FROM 6 ) = I AM
TRIM( [ LEADING | TRAILING | BOTH ] FROM s ) YES* YES* Removes leading or trailing spaces from s or both
TRIM( LEADING FROM ' ONE ' ) = "ONE " ; TRIM ( TRAILING FROM ' ONE ' ) = "ONE " ; TRIM ( BOTH FROM ' ONE ' ) = "ONE" ;
* note - with escape processing DISABLED the command may be abbreviated to TRIM ( FROM ' ONE ' ) AS "OUTPUT" = "ONE" - An alias must be used in this case also
UCASE(s) YES YES Converts s to upper case
UCASE( 'one' ) = ONE
UPPER(s) YES YES Converts s to upper case
UPPER( 'one' ) = ONE

Date and Time Functions

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
CURDATE() YES YES Returns the current date. This is the current system date on your PC.
CURDATE() = 09/01/07
NOTE - The parenthesize are required.
CURTIME() YES YES Returns the current time. This is the current system time on your PC.
CURTIME() = 10:16:04 PM
NOTE - The parenthesize are required.
DATEDIFF(string, datetime1, datetime2) YES YES Returns the count of units of time elapsed from datetime1 to datetime2. The string indicates the unit of time and can have the following values 'ms'='millisecond', 'ss'='second','mi'='minute','hh'='hour', 'dd'='day', 'mm'='month', 'yy' = 'year'. Both the long and short form of the strings can be used.
DATEDIFF('dd', '2007-08-01', '2007-09-01' ) = 31
DAYNAME(date) YES YES Returns the name of the day of the week.
DAYNAME( '2007-09-01' ) = Saturday
DAYOFMONTH(date) YES YES Returns the day of the month (1-31)
DAYOFMONTH( '2007-09-01' ) = 1
DAYOFWEEK(date) YES YES Returns the day of the week (1 means Sunday)
DAYOFWEEK( '2007-09-01' ) = 7
DAYOFYEAR(date) YES YES Returns the day of the year (1-366)
DAYOFYEAR( '2007-09-01' ) = 244
HOUR(time) YES YES Return the hour (0-23)
HOUR( '21:16:04' )
MINUTE(time) YES YES Returns the minute (0-59)
MINUTE( '21:16:04' ) = 16
MONTH(date) YES YES Returns the month (1-12)
MONTH( '2007-09-01' ) = 9
MONTHNAME(date) YES YES Returns the name of the month,
MONTHNAME( '2007-09-01' ) = September
NOW() YES YES Returns the current date and time as a timestamp)
use of CURRENT_TIMESTAMP instead is suggested
NOW() = 09/01/07 10:34 PM
QUARTER(date) YES YES Returns the quarter (1-4), with the new year starting in January
QUARTER( '2007-09-01' ) = 3
SECOND(time) YES YES Returns the second (0-59)
SECOND( CURRENT_TIME ) MAY EQUAL 6
WEEK(date) YES YES Returns the week of this year (1-53)
WEEK( '2007-09-01' ) = 35
YEAR(date) YES YES Returns the year
YEAR( '2007-09-01' ) = 2007
CURRENT_DATE YES YES Returns the current date
CURRENT_DATE = 09/01/07
CURRENT_TIME YES YES Returns the current time
CURRENT_TIME = 10:44:28 PM
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP YES YES Returns the current timestamp
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP = 09/01/07 10:34 PM
TO_CHAR( datetime, format String ) YES YES Returns a string from a date or datetime, based on the format mask
Following is a list of valid format mask character sequences,
Chr seq returned value example
YYYY 4 digit year TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'YYYY' ) = 2007
YYY
YY
Y
Last 3, 2 or 1 digits of year TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'YY' ) = 07
IYYY
IYY
IY
Last 4, 3, 2 digits of ISO year TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'IY' ) = 07
MM Month (01-12; JAN = 01) TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'MM' ) = 09
MON Abbreviated name of month TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'MON' ) = Sep
MONTH Name of month, padded with blanks to length of 9 characters. TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, 'MONTH' ) = September
w Week of year TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'w' ) = 35
W Week of month TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'W' ) = 1
IW Week of year (1-52 or 1-53) based on the ISO standard. TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'IW' ) = 35
d Day of week (1-7) TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'd' ) = 1
D Abbreviation for day of week TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'D' ) = Sat
DD
dd
Day of month as 2 digits TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'DD' ) = 01
DDD Day of year TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'DDD' ) = 244
H Hour of day 0 - 23 TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIME, 'H' ) = 23
HH Hour of day 0-11 TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIME, 'HH' ) = 11
m Minute of current hour TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIME, 'm' ) = 48
s Seconds of current minute TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIME, 's' ) = 33
a AM or PM TO_CHAR( CURRENT_TIME, 'a' ) = PM
All other characters constants TO_CHAR( CURRENT_DATE, 'D - MON, dd YYYY' ) = Sat - Sep, 01 2007

System Functions

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
DATABASE() YES YES Returns the fully qualified file name of the Base file
DATABASE() = C:\Documents and Settings\HP_Owner\My Documents\Forum\ChucrchLibrary\new_library.odb
USER() NO NO Returns the name of the user connected to the Base database
NOTE - This command requires use of the parentheses.
USER() = SA
CURRENT_USER YES YES Returns the name of the user connected to the Base database. This is actually a macro that calls the function USER().
NOTE - Use of parentheses is not allowed with this macro.
CURRENT_USER = SA
IDENTITY() YES YES Returns the last identity value that was inserted by this connection.

Aggregate Functions

Aggregate functions are used to perform some computation against group of values. Each field in a table can be thought of as one group of values. Use of the GROUP BY clause in a select statement allows the creation of multiple value groups.

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
COUNT( Any | * ) YES YES Returns the count of not null entries in a column or when used with * the count of records.
MIN(d) YES YES Returns the smallest value in a group.
MAX(d) YES YES Returns the largest value in a group.
SUM(d) YES YES Adds all values in a group together.
AVG(d) YES YES Returns the average for the group of values.
SOME(b) NO NO Returns TRUE if any value in a group = TRUE
EVERY(b) YES YES Returns TRUE only if all values in a group = TRUE.

Statistical Functions

Function Name Desinger Esc Proc Comments
VAR_POP Returns the biased variance of a group of numbers.
VAR_SAMP Returns the sample variance of a group of numbers.
STDDEV_POP
STDDEV_SAMP
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