Difference between revisions of "Documentation/UserGuide/Writer/Text"
m (→En and em dashes) |
|||
Line 478: | Line 478: | ||
Open the AutoCorrect dialog box. | Open the AutoCorrect dialog box. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | = Using footnotes and endnotes = | ||
+ | |||
+ | Footnotes and endnotes are a type of note that comment on or cites a reference for a designed part of the text. Footnotes are printed at the bottom of the page for which they are referenced, and endnotes are printed at the end of the document. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Inserting footnotes and endnotes == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Place the cursor where you want the footnote or endnote to appear. Select {{Menu|Insert|Footnote/Endnote}} or click on the Insert Footnote/Endnote Directly icon [[Image:Writer-insert-footenote_endnote-icon.jpg]] or the Insert Endnote Directly icon [[Image:Writer-insert-endnote-icon.jpg]] from the Insert toolbar ({{Menu|View|Toolbars|Insert}}). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | If you use {{Menu|Insert|Footnote/Endnote}}, the Insert Footnote/Endnote dialog box is displayed. From here you can choose the type of numbering sequence and whether to insert a footnote or an endnote. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:Writer-Insert-footnote_endnote-box.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | The footnote or endnote will be inserted into the text, and the cursor relocated to the footnote or endnote area at the end of the page/document. You can then type the footnote/endnote content in this area. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | To delete a footnote or endnote, simply delete the appropriate marker. The contents of the footnote/endnote will be automatically deleted and the numbering of the other footnotes and endnotes is adjusted automatically. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Defining the format of footnotes and endnotes == | ||
+ | |||
+ | To format footnotes or endnotes, select {{Menu|Tools|Footnotes/Endnotes}}. Choose from numbering and styles settings and click '''OK'''. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:Writer-footnotes_endnotes-settings.jpg|500px|500px]] | ||
[[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Documentation/Writer]] | [[Category:Documentation]] [[Category:Documentation/Writer]] |
Revision as of 17:17, 5 September 2013
Template:Documentation/DraftPage
In Writer, you can use the toolbars, the sidebar and menus (normal and contextual) to modify text. For example, modify the selected paragraph through Format → Paragraph (choose Character to format text). Alternatively, right click the selection and choose Paragraph or Character.
Formatting tools are available through the Format menu or a right click on the page. But it is important to note that these options only modify the corresponding page style. In Writer there is no direct formatting for pages, page formatting can only be done through styles. For this reason, we will leave the details on how to format pages to the corresponding section for page styles.
Contents
Selecting Text
In Writer, in order to work with text, you need to select it. Selecting a piece of text, or consecutive pieces of text, is relatively simple.
Using the cursor, left click the text, and drag until the desired text is selected. You can also use selection shortcuts by left clicking the text. Single words can be selected with a double left click, a sentence selected with a triple left click, and a paragraph selected with a quadruple left click.
With the keyboard, use the navigation arrows to choose the text, hold down the ⇧ Shift key and select text area with the arrow keys.
To quickly select content on the entire page, press Control + A , or go to Edit → Select All.
Selecting items that are not consecutive
- Using the cursor, select the first piece of text.
- Hold down the Control key (continue holding until all selections are complete), and use the cursor to select the next piece of text.
- Repeat until all selections are made.
Selecting a vertical block of text
Text may be separated by spaces or tabs in a vertical block. To select text in this form, change the selection mode to block by choosing Edit → Selection Mode → Block Area or left click on STD in the status bar until it changes to BLK.
Now you can make your selection as you would with consecutive text selection.
Cutting, copying and pasting text
Text can be moved within a document, or between documents by cutting or copying and subsequently pasting the text.
Cutting text entails removing it entirely and relocating it within the document. Copying text creates a duplicate to be placed within the document.
To cut or copy (with text selected) you can use:
- Keyboard shortcuts: Control + X (cut) or Control + C (copy)
- Menu selections: Edit → Cut or Edit → Copy
- Contextual menus: Right click text selection and choose Cut or Copy
- Icon sources: Cut or Copy
Pasting text places the cut or copied text in the document. When pasting text, the formatting result depends on the source and how you paste it.
To paste and retain original formatting use:
- Keyboard shortcut: Control + V
- Menu selection: Edit → Paste
- Contextual menu: Right click and choose Paste
- Icon source: Paste
To paste and take on formatting of the surrounding text:
- Choose the arrow to the right of the paste icon, and choose Unformatted text
- Select Edit → Paste Special → Unformatted text
For other paste formatting options, choose from the drop down menu of the paste icon or the Paste Special dialog box.
Numbered and bulleted lists
There are several ways to create numbered or bulleted lists:
- Auto-formatting (covered later in this chapter)
- List Styles (covered in the chapter on Styles)
- The Numbering and Bullets icons on the paragraph formatting toolbar. The use of these icons will be described in the section below.
To produce a numbered or bulleted list, select the paragraphs in the list and choose the appropriate icon.
Using the Bullets and Numbering Toolbar
With a numbered or bulleted list active, a contextual toolbar will open.
The buttons, numbered on the screenshot, perform the following actions:
- Bullets ON/OFF
- Numbering ON/OFF
- Numbering OFF
- Promote one level
- Demote one level
- Promote one level with sub-points
- Demote one level with sub-points
- Insert an unnumbered entry
- Move line up
- Move line down
- Move line up with sub-points
- Move line down with sub-points
- Restart numbering
- Bullets and Numbering dialog box
The options in the Bullets and Numbering dialog box are the same as when editing a list style, so these properties will be covered in the chapter on List Styles.
Nested Lists
As mentioned earlier, list sub-points refer to the levels of a numbered list or bullet, see example below:
- First
- Sub First
- Second
- Sub Second
- Sub Sub Second
- Sub Second
To change the level of one line in the list, either use the Promote/Demote Level icons in the Bullets and Numbering toolbar, or place the cursor at the beginning of the line and press Tab ⇆ or ⇧ Shift + Tab ⇆ .
Autotext
Use AutoText to insert text, tables, fields and other items for reuse, by assigning a key combination to the item for retrieval.
For example, by typing dt and F3 , a long paragraph with a sample text will insert into the document (note: dt stands for dummy text and different acronyms may apply to non-English versions: use Edit → AutoText to see the one appropriate for your language). Typing fn and F3 will produce a table with one row and two columns, with a Math object on the left cell and a variable on the other.
Both examples show what AutoText does and its use, which is to introduce a document snip previously defined in any place using only an abbreviation and a keyboard shortcut.
Inserting an AutoText
Insert an AutoText by typing the abbreviation followed by F3 .
To view the available abbreviations, you can choose Edit → AutoText ( Ctrl + F3 ), but an easier method is activating the Insert toolbar. With the toolbar active choose the AutoText icon . You can now view the AutoText categories and their respective abbreviations.
Defining an AutoText
- Select the content you want to use for an AutoText. The content can be anything: text, tables, pictures, frames, sections, etc.
- With the content selected, go to Edit → AutoText.
- The AutoText dialog box will appear. Provide a name for your entry in the Name box. Writer will suggest a shortcut, which you can change.
- In the box to the left, choose a category for the entry, where the AutoText will be classified.
- Select the AutoText button to the right, and select either New (text only) (for the AutoText to take on formatting where it is inserted into the document) or New (for the AutoText to retain its formatting).
- Select Close to return to the document.
If the AutoText contains a table, it is necessary to select at least one line before and one line after the table, otherwise only the content and not the table itself will go into the AutoText. |
Inside the AutoText dialog box, note the following features:
- With the option Display remainder of the name as suggestion while typing enabled, Writer will suggest an AutoText if you start to type the AutoText name. The suggestion will appear in a pop-up box, and pressing ↵ Enter will insert the AutoText.
- The Categories... button allows you to create new categories to classify your AutoTexts.
- Path... defines where to save the AutoTexts.
Editing an AutoText
In the AutoText dialog box (Edit → AutoText), you can edit your AutoText entries.
Select an existing AutoText, and choose the AutoText... button to modify or even eliminate the AutoText.
Selecting Edit, a document will open with the AutoText. Simply make the changes and save. The entry will now be available as edited.
The changes will apply only to AutoTexts inserted after the modification, AutoText already inserted will not be changed |
Print a list of AutoText entries
- Choose Tools → Macros → Organize Macros → OpenOffice Basics.
- In the Macro from list, choose OpenOffice Macros → Gimmicks.
- Select AutoText and click Run .
- A list of the AutoText entries will be generated in a new document. You can print this document.
Find and replace text
You can find text within a document with the Find toolbar, or the Find & Replace dialog box. In the Find & Replace dialog box, you also have the ability to:
- Find and replace words or phrases
- Find and replace specific formatting
- Find and replace paragraph styles
- Use regular expressions to find and replace text
The Find toolbar will only allow you to search for and identify specific text or phrases. You can find the toolbar docked in the standard toolbar, or by choosing View → Toolbars → Find.
Display the Find & Replace dialog box by pressing Control + F or choosing Edit → Find & Replace.
- Type the text you want to search for in the Search for box.
- To replace the text, type the new text in the Replace with box.
- To find text, click Find. To replace, click Replace. Choosing Find All will select all instances of the text. Selecting Replace All will replace all matches.
- You can choose from several search options such as matching case, matching whole words, or searching for similar words.
Find and replace specific formatting
To quickly change the format of text from one style to another:
- Choose the More Options button to expand the dialog box and view the formatting options.
- To search for text with specific formatting, enter the text in the Search for box. To only search for formatting leave the Search for box empty.
- With the Search for box selected, choose Format.
- Select the formatting options to include and click OK.
- To replace with different text and/or formatting, perform the same actions for the Replace with box.
- Choose Find, Find All, Replace, or Replace All.
Find and replace paragraph styles
To quickly change paragraph styles from one style to another:
- Choose the More Options button to expand the dialog box.
- Select Search for Styles (if you have attributes specified this option is labeled as Including Styles).
- Select styles from the Search for and Replace with drop down menus.
- Choose Find, Find All, Replace, or Replace All.
Using regular expressions (wildcards)
Regular expressions (also known as wildcards) are combinations of characters that instruct Writer how to search for something.
- Choose the More Options button to expand the dialog box.
- Select the Regular expressions option.
- Type the search text with the regular expression and the replacement text if any.
- Choose Find, Find All, Replace, or Replace All.
Examples of common regular expressions:
To Find | Use | Examples |
---|---|---|
Any single character | . | b.d finds bad, bud, bid, bed |
One of the specified characters | [xyz] | b[iu]n finds bin and bun |
Any single character in this range | [x-y] | [r-t]eed finds reed, seed, and teed (range must be in alphabetically ascending order) |
Any single character except the characters inside the bracket | [^x] | p[^a]t finds post and pest but not past |
The beginning of a word | \<start | \<log finds logbook and logistics but not catalog |
The end of a word | end\> | log\> finds catalog but not logistics |
A paragraph marker | $ | Does not work as a replacement character, use \n instead |
A line break | \n | Finds a line break that was inserted with ⇧ Shift + ↵ Enter , as a replacement character it inserts a paragraph marker |
To view a full list of regular expressions, select Help → OpenOffice Help and search for regular expressions, choose list of to display the list.
Inserting special characters
A special character is one that is not found on the standard keyboard. For example, ₵ ə Σ ẽ ψ are all special characters.
To insert a special character:
- Place the cursor in the document where you want the character to appear.
- Select Insert → Special Character for the Special Character dialog box.
- Inside the dialog box, choose the character from the available fonts and click OK.
Non-breaking spaces and hyphens
A non-breaking space (NBSP) or non-breaking hyphen tells Writer to never break lines at that spot. A non-breaking space or hyphen can never end or begin an automatically wrapped line. Use non-breaking spaces to prevent periods at the end of lines that do not terminate sentences, or numbers or bullet-like symbols at the beginning of lines that do not initiate list items. Use a non-breaking hyphen to prevent the hyphen from appearing at the end of a line, such as in a phone number.
Insert a non-breaking space
Place the cursor between the two words, and press Control + Space .
Insert a non-breaking hyphen
Place the cursor where the hyphen will appear, and press ⇧ Shift + Control + - .
En and em dashes
To use en and em dashes, the Replace dashes option must be checked under Tools → AutoCorrect Options. With this option enabled, Writer will replace two hyphens, under certain conditions, with the corresponding dash.
In the following table, the A and B represent text consisting of letters A to Z or digits 0 to 9. The table describes the different en and em dash options.
Text that you type: | Result |
A - B (A, space, minus, space, B) | A – B (A, space, en-dash, space, B) |
A -- B (A, space, minus, minus, space, B) | A – B (A, space, en-dash, space, B) |
A--B (A, minus, minus, B) | A—B (A, em-dash, B) |
A-B (A, minus, B) | A-B (unchanged) |
A -B (A, space, minus, B) | A -B (unchanged) |
A --B (A, space, minus, minus, B) | A –B (A, space, en-dash, B) |
En or em dashes can also be inserted manually through Insert → Special Characters, use characters U+2013 or U-2014.
There are also shortcuts available to insert en or em dashes, that vary per operating system.
Operating System | En dash shortcut | Em dash shortcut |
Windows | Alt + 0150 | Alt + 0151 |
Linux | Compose + two hyphens + a period | Compose + three hyphens + a period |
Mac | ⌥ Opt + hyphen | ⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + hyphen |
Formatting Paragraphs
Formatting paragraphs in Writer can be achieved through alignment, justified text, line spacing, numbering or bullets, and indenting. These actions can be performed using the buttons on the Formatting toolbar. The below image shows the Formatting toolbar with the paragraph specific icons displayed.
1 Open the Styles and | 5 Align Right | 10 Numbering On/Off |
Formatting Window | 6 Justified | 11 Bullets On/Off |
2 Apply Style | 7 Line Spacing: 1 | 12 Decrease Indent |
3 Align Left | 8 Line Spacing: 1.5 | 13 Increase Indent |
4 Centered | 9 Line Spacing: 2 | 14 Paragraph |
Aligned and justified text
Text can be aligned to the left, center, or right of the document. The below image shows how text appears with the different alignment options.
When using justified text, the last line by default is aligned to the left. You can also align the last line to the center, or justify the last line. These options are controlled in the Alignment tab from Format → Paragraph.
Tab stops and indents
The ruler displays the default and defined tab stops. The tab settings affect the indentation of paragraphs. You can manually change the indentation of paragraphs with the Increase Indent or Decrease Indent icons, or by using the Tab ⇆ key.
Tab and indent settings are discussed in the Ruler section of Writer's User Interface.
Formatting characters
Formatting characters in Writer can be achieved through adjustments to the font family, font weight, font size, or font coloring. These actions can be performed using the buttons on the Formatting toolbar. The below image shows the Formatting toolbar with the character specific icons displayed.
1 Open the Styles and | 6 Italic | 12 Font Color |
Formatting Window | 7 Underline | 13 Highlighting |
2 Apply Style | 8 Superscript | 14 Background color |
3 Font Name | 9 Subscript | 15 Open Character Format |
4 Font Size | 10 Increase Font | dialog box |
5 Bold | 11 Reduce Font |
Autoformatting text
Writer will automatically format parts of your document, according to the options selected in the AutoCorrect dialog box (Tools → AutoCorrect Options).
Inside the AutoCorrect Options dialog box, the Help button will open and describe the selected choice and how to activate the autoformats.
To automatically format your document with the selected options, select or deselect from the submenu in Format → AutoCorrect.
While Typing
The default option, automatically formats the document while you type.
Apply
After choosing this option, Writer will automatically format the document.
Apply and Edit Changes
After choosing this option, Writer will automatically format the document and then open a dialog box where you can accept or reject changes.
AutoCorrect Options
Open the AutoCorrect dialog box.
Using footnotes and endnotes
Footnotes and endnotes are a type of note that comment on or cites a reference for a designed part of the text. Footnotes are printed at the bottom of the page for which they are referenced, and endnotes are printed at the end of the document.
Inserting footnotes and endnotes
Place the cursor where you want the footnote or endnote to appear. Select Insert → Footnote/Endnote or click on the Insert Footnote/Endnote Directly icon or the Insert Endnote Directly icon from the Insert toolbar (View → Toolbars → Insert).
If you use Insert → Footnote/Endnote, the Insert Footnote/Endnote dialog box is displayed. From here you can choose the type of numbering sequence and whether to insert a footnote or an endnote.
The footnote or endnote will be inserted into the text, and the cursor relocated to the footnote or endnote area at the end of the page/document. You can then type the footnote/endnote content in this area.
To delete a footnote or endnote, simply delete the appropriate marker. The contents of the footnote/endnote will be automatically deleted and the numbering of the other footnotes and endnotes is adjusted automatically.
Defining the format of footnotes and endnotes
To format footnotes or endnotes, select Tools → Footnotes/Endnotes. Choose from numbering and styles settings and click OK.